1. Painkillers (NSAIDs)
Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac
These are among the most common causes of drug‑related kidney damage.
Reduce blood flow to the kidneys
Long-term or high-dose use can lead to chronic kidney disease
Risk increases with dehydration or old age
2. Certain Antibiotics
Examples: Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Amphotericin B
Some antibiotics are toxic to kidney tissue if not properly dosed.
Can cause acute kidney injury
Risk is higher in elderly patients or those with existing kidney problems
3. Acid Reflux Medications (PPIs)
Examples: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole
When used for months or years:
Linked to chronic kidney disease
Can cause inflammation inside kidney structures
4. Diuretics (Water Pills)
Examples: Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
While helpful for heart and blood pressure conditions:
Overuse can cause severe dehydration
Leads to electrolyte imbalance and kidney stress
5. Blood Pressure Medications (Improper Use)
Examples: ACE inhibitors, ARBs (when misused)
These drugs are generally kidney‑protective when used correctly, but:
Incorrect dosing can worsen kidney function
Dangerous when combined with dehydration or NSAIDs
6. Laxatives (Chronic Use)
Especially stimulant laxatives
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